![]() ![]() ![]() Among simian primates, callitrichines (marmosets and tamarins) are likely candidates for IUP, since they exhibit obligate dizygotic twinning and fetuses share extensive vascularization in utero. Sexual differentiation in female mammals can be altered by the proximity of male littermates in utero, a phenomenon known as the intrauterine position effect (IUP). Our results therefore suggest that CFL phenotype is most likely associated with epigenetic effects induced by the captive environment and colony management strategy of extensive crossing of family lines to promote heterozygosity. CFL females had higher number CFL relatives (4.3 ± 0.6 vs 2.4 ± 0.5 for non‐CFL, P < 0.05) and more external ancestors compared to non‐CFL (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the degree of labial fusion and animal age after prepubertal period (P < 0.05). Here, we define, describe and quantify the variations in the degree of closure of the vulva in 122 captive marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) from 1.2 to 42 months old and include colony analysis. ![]() This phenotype is known to be variably common in adult captive female marmosets but has never been investigated in detail before. Congenital fused labia (CFL) is defined as a failure or significant delay in the opening of the juvenile sealed labia majora. ![]()
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